HomeMy WebLinkAboutPermit File 1011 10th Street Cricchio, Kevin
From: Lange, Steve
Sent: Friday,June 27, 2014 4:36 PM
To: 'ric.smith@ehi.com'
Cc: Cricchio, Kevin
Subject: 1011 10th Street
Attachments: COA DRG Mtg Application.pdf; COA Utility Map 06-27-14.pdf; COA CBD Zone Req.pdf;
COA DOE BMP Oil-Water.pdf; COA DOE Vehicle Wash.pdf
Ric,
The easiest route for this inquiry will be via the Development Review Group.Attached is the application. I have included
Kevin Cricchio, Planner, in the email. He will be the contact for the scheduling, etc.
Attached is:
1. Utility Map with the sewer video information.As near as I can tell,the entire building utilizes the sanitary side
service in Commercial Avenue. Based on the DOE documentation,the treatment facility would in fact be
discharged to the Sanitary Sewer.
2. DOE documentation regarding the Oil\Water separators and containment requirements for your convenience.
3. CBD Zoning requirements for your convenience.
In my effort to compile this information, a few questions came up:
1. What is the structure type being proposed?
2. What happens to the current parking along the back of the property?
3. Is this a permitted use within the CBD Zone?
At any rate, complete the DRG application and submit back to Kevin for scheduling.You are not required to be present
at the meeting and you will receive a written response from the City of Anacortes Planning Department after the
meeting date.
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at my Cell number listed below at your earliest convenience.
Have a great weekend.
Steven Lange, Project Manager
0: 360.299.1983 I C: 360.661.3468 ( F: 360.293.1938
stevelcityofanacortes.org
City of Anacortes Public Works Engineering Department
904 6th Street I P.O. Box 547
Anacortes, WA 98221
www.cityofan acortes.o rq
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Session Name: Hoxie Elf
Date: 12/26/2012 9:15:00 AM Asset ID: SSL00306000983 Light
Location: alley west of Commercial Ave 1.� irr ate
south of 10th St Start Manhole Number: L-003 41 .
Distance: 0 End Manhole Number: L-002
Run Number: Flow Direction: east Hcas-'
Size of Pipe: 8 Type Of Pipe: VCP ::c„ri e
ID Number: L-003
(9.5) SI - Start Inspection
(97.6) LL - Lateral Left - Position: 9
(129.1) LR - Lateral Right - Position: 2
(157.4) LR - Lateral Right - Position: 2
(265.3) LR - Lateral Right - Position: 3
(349.7) B - Belly - Cont Def: S01
(365.7) El - End Inspection
(365.7) B - Belly - Cont Def: F01
Total Distance: 0 ID Number: L-002
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• Add pretreatment for TSS that could cause clogging of the CP
separator, or otherwise impair the long-term effectiveness of the
separator.
Criteria for Separator Bays:
• Size the separator bay for the Water Quality design flow rate(15
minute time step)x a correction factor ratio indicated in Figure 9.5b of
this Volume(assuming an off-line facility). (See Chapter 4 of this
Volume for a definition of the Water Quality Design Flow Rate.)
• To collect floatables and settleable solids, design the surface area of
the forebay at>_ 20 ft2 per 10,000 ft2 of area draining to the separator
(6). The length of the forebay should be 1/3-1/2 of the length of the
entire separator. Include roughing screens for the forebay or upstream
of the separator to remove debris, if needed. Screen openings should
be about 3/4 inch.
• Include a submerged inlet pipe with a turn-down elbow in the first bay
at least two feet from the bottom. The outlet pipe should be a Tee,
sized to pass the design peak flow and placed at least 12 inches below
the water surface.
• Include a shutoff mechanism at the separator outlet pipe. (King County
Surface Water Management, 1998)
• Use absorbents and/or skimmers in the afterbay as needed.
Criteria for Baffles:
• Oil retaining baffles (top baffles) should be located at least at 1/4 of
the total separator length from the outlet and should extend down at
least 50%of the water depth and at least 1 ft. from the separator
bottom.
• Baffle height to water depth ratios should be 0.85 for top baffles and
0.15 for bottom baffles.
11.7 Oil and Water Separator BMPs
--� Two BMPs are described in this section. BMP T11.10 for baffle type
separators, and BMP Ti 1.11 for coalescing plate separators.
February 2005 Volume V—Runoff Treatment BMPs 11-7
BMP T11.10 API (Baffle type) Separator Bay
Design Criteria
The criteria for small drainages is based on Vh,Vt, residence time, width,
depth, and length considerations.As a correction factor API's turbulence
criteria is applied to increase the length.
Ecology is modifying the API criteria for treating stormwater runoff from
small drainage area(fueling stations, commercial parking lots, etc.) by
using the design hydraulic horizontal velocity, Vh, for the design Vh/Vt
ratio rather than the API minimum of Vh/Vt = 15.The API criteria appear
applicable for greater than two acres of impervious drainage area.
Performance verification of this design basis must be obtained during at
least one wet season using the test protocol referenced in Chapter 12 for
new technologies.
The following is the sizing procedure using modified API criteria:
• Determine the oil rise rate, Vt, in cm/sec,using Stokes Law(Water
Pollution Control Federation, 1985), or empirical determination, or
0.033 ft./min for 601.1.oil. The application of Stokes' Law to site-based
oil droplet sizes and densities, or empirical rise rate determinations
recognizes the need to consider actual site conditions. In those cases
the design basis would not be the 60 micron droplet size and the 0.033
ft/min.rise rate.
• Stokes Law equation for rise rate,Vt(cm/sec):
Vt=g(6w 6°)D2/18rlw)
Where:
g=gravitational constant(981 cm/sec2)
D=diameter of the oil particle in cm.
Use
oil particle size diameter,D=60 microns (0.006 cm)
aK,=0.999 gm/cc.at 32° F
60: Select conservatively high oil density,
For example, if diesel oil @ G0 0.85 gm/cc and motor oil @ 6°=0.90 can
be present then use G0 0.90 gm/cc
r)W=0.017921 poise, gm/cm-sec. at Tw 32 °F, (See API Publication 421,
February, 1990)
Use the following separator dimension criteria:
Separator water depth, d>_3<_8 feet(to minimize turbulence)
(American Petroleum Institute, 1990; US Army Corps of Engineers,
1994). b
11-8 Volume V—Runoff Treatment BMPs February 2005
Separator width, 6-20 feet(WEF &ASCE, 1998;King County Surface
Water Management, 1998)
Depth/width(d/w) of 0.3-0.5 (American Petroleum Institute, 1990)
For Stormwater Inflow from Drainages under 2 Acres:
1. Determine Vt and select depth and width of the separator section based
on above criteria.
2. Calculate the minimum residence time(tm) of the separator at depth d:
tm=d/Vt
3. Calculate the horizontal velocity of the bulk fluid, Vh,vertical cross-
sectional area,A„, and actual design Vh/Vt(American Petroleum
Institute, 1990; US Army Corps of Engineers, 1994).
Vh=Q/dw=Q/Av(Vh maximum at<2.0 ft/min.)(American
Petroleum Institute, 1990)
Q=(k)the ratio indicated in Figure 9.5b for the site location
multiplied by he 15-minute Water Quality design flow rate in
ft3/min, at minimum residence time,tm
At Vh/Vt determine F,turbulence and short-circuiting factor
(Appendix V-D)API F factors range from 1.28-1.74.
(American Petroleum Institute, 1990)
4. Calculate the minimum length of the separator section, 1(s),using:
1(s)=FQtm/wd=F(Vh/Vt)d
1(t)=1(f)+1(s) +1(a)
1(t)=1(t)/3 +1(s)+1(t)/4
Where:
1(t)=total length of 3 bays="L"in Figure 11.1
1(f)=length of forebay
1(a)=length of afterbay
5. Calculate V=1(s)wd=FQtm, and Ah=wl(s)
V=minimum hydraulic design volume
Ah=minimum horizontal area of the separator
For Stormwater Inflow from Drainages>2 Acres:Use Vh= 15 Vt and
d=(Q/2Vh)'/2(with d/w=0.5) and repeat above calculations 3- 5.
February 2005 Volume V—Runoff Treatment BMPs 11-9
BMP T11.11 Coalescing Plate (CP) Separator Bay
Design Criteria
Calculate the projected(horizontal) surface area of plates needed using the
following equation:
Ap= Q/Vt=Q/0.00386(aW a°/r)W)
Ap=Aa(cosine b)
Where:
Q= k(the ratio appropriate for the project location) indicated by Figure
9.5b x the 15-minute water quality design flow rate, ft3/min
Vt=Rise rate of 0.033 ft/min, or empirical determination, or Stokes Law
based
Ap=projected surface area of the plate in ft2; .00386 is unit conversion
constant
aw density of water at 32°F
ao density of oil at 32°F
Aa=actual plate area in ft2(one side only)
b=angle of the plates with the horizontal in degrees (usually varies from
45-60 degrees).
nw=viscosity of water at 32°F
• Plate spacing should be a minimum of 3/4 in(perpendicular distance
between plates). (WEF &ASCE, 1998;US Army Corps of Engineers,
1994;US Air Force, 1991; Jaisinghani,R., 1979)
• Select a plate angle between 45°to 60° from the horizontal.
• Locate plate pack at least 6 inches from the bottom of the separator for
sediment storage
• Add 12 inches minimum head space from the top of the plate pack and
the bottom of the vault cover.
• Design inlet flow distribution and baffles in the separator bay to
minimize turbulence, short-circuiting, and channeling of the inflow
especially through and around the plate packs of the CP separator.The
Reynolds Number through the separator bay should be<500 (laminar
flow).
11-10 Volume V—Runoff Treatment BMPs February 2005
• Include forebay for floatables and afterbay for collection of effluent.
(WEF &ASCE, 1998)
• The sediment-retaining baffle must be upstream of the plate pack at a
minimum height of 18 in. (King County Surface Water Management,
1998).
• Design plates for ease of removal, and cleaning with high-pressure
rinse or equivalent.
Operation and Maintenance
• Prepare,regularly update, and implement an 0 &M Manual for the
oil/water separators.
• Inspect oil/water separators monthly during the wet season of October
1-April 30 (WEF &ASCE, 1998; Woodward-Clyde Consultants)to
ensure proper operation, and, during and immediately after a large
storm event of inch per 24 hours.
• Clean oil/water separators regularly to keep accumulated oil from
escaping during storms. They must be cleaned by October 15 to
remove material that has accumulated during the dry season
(Woodward-Clyde Consultants), after all spills, and after a significant
storm. Coalescing plates may be cleaned in-situ or after removal from
the separator. An eductor truck may be used for oil, sludge, and
washwater removal. (King County Surface Water Management, 1998)
Replace wash water in the separator with clean water before returning
it to service.
• Remove the accumulated oil when the thickness reaches 1-inch.Also
remove sludge deposits when the thickness reaches 6 inches (King
County Surface Water Management, 1998).
• Replace oil absorbent pads before their sorbed oil content reaches
capacity.
• Train designated employees on appropriate separator operation,
inspection,record keeping, and maintenance procedures.
February 2005 Volume V—Runoff Treatment BMPs 11-11
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Publication and Contact Information
This report is available on the Department of Ecology's website at
https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/SummaryPages/95 056.html
For more information contact:
Water Quality Program
P.O. Box 47600
Olympia,WA 98504-7600
Phone: 360-407-6600
Washington State Department of Ecology-www.ecy.wa.gov
o Headquarters,Olympia 360-407-6000
o Northwest Regional Office,Bellevue 425-649-7000
o Southwest Regional Office,Olympia 360-407-6300
o Central Regional Office,Yakima 509-575-2490
o Eastern Regional Office,Spokane 509-329-3400
I f you need this document in a format for the visually impaired, call the Water Quality Program
at 360-407-6600. Persons with hearing loss can call 711 for Washington Relay Service. Persons
with a speech disability can call 877-833-6341.
Vehicle and Equipment Washwater
Discharges
Best Management Practices Manual
by;
Program Development Services Section
Water Quality Program
Washington State Department of Ecology
Olympia,Washington
This page purposely left blank
Table of Contents
Page
List of Figures iii
Acknowledgements iv
Section 1 1
Introduction 1
Why should we be concerned with vehicle washwater 1
What operations does this document cover 1
What operations does this document not cover 2
Washwater discharge options 2
Zero discharge or closed-loop water recycling systems 3
Discharges to a municipal wastewater system 3
Discharges to the ground(not recommended) 4
Section 2 5
BMPs for collection,treatment, and disposal of washwater 5
Washwater containment and collection 5
Uncovered wash areas containment and collection 5
Discharges to a municipal wastewater system 7
Maintenance 9
Discharges to ground 10
Section 3 11
On-site washing of farm and construction vehicles/equipment 11
Mobile washers 12
Rinsing vehicle exteriors at new and used car/truck dealerships 13
Catch basins for trapping sediment and oil 13
Small dischargers 13
Charity car washes 15
Appendix 17
Applicable Washington State law and regulations 17
Contacts 17
List of Figures
Page
Figure 1. Requirements for an Uncovered Wash Area 7
Figure 2. An API Separator 8
Figure 3. A Coalescing Plate Separator 8
Figure 4. A Typical Containment Sump 9
Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges
iii
Acknowledgements
The Washington State Department of Ecology gratefully acknowledges the valuable time,
comments, and expertise provided by the people listed below who contributed to the 2012
revision of Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges Best Management Practices Manual.
The Washington State Department of Ecology is solely responsible for any errors, omissions,
and final decisions related to this document. The authors of this report would like to thank the
following people for their contribution to this study:
Name Affiliation
Ed Abassi,P.E. Dept. of Ecology
Kurt Baumgarten Dept. of Ecology
John Diamant,P.E. Dept. of Ecology
Steve Eberl,P.E. Dept. of Ecology
Kevin Hancock Dept. of Ecology
Mike Hepp Dept. of Ecology
Steve Hood, P.E. Dept. of Ecology
Jeff Killelea Dept. of Ecology
Ray Latham Dept. of Ecology
Marc Pacifico Dept. of Ecology
Jeremy Ryf Dept. of Ecology
Paul Stasch Dept. of Ecology
Greg Stegman Dept. of Ecology
Robert Wright Dept. of Ecology
Ecology Technical Lead
Douglas C. Howie,P.E.—2012 edit
Daniel Gariepy, P.E.—2012 edit
Technical Review and Editing
Kelsey Highfill—2012 edit
Julie Robertson—2012 edit
Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges
iv
Section 1
Introduction
This guidance manual discusses the environmental concerns over discharges from washing or
steam cleaning the exterior surfaces of vehicles and equipment such as cars and/or trucks, and
light or heavy equipment. It provides Best Management Practices (BMPs) for the collection,
treatment, and disposal of washwater generated by large/commercial vehicle/equipment washing
operations in Section 2. This document also provides guidance for pollution prevention by
offering the"do's and don'ts"of discharge control for some common types of operations in
Section 3.
Why should we be concerned with vehicle washwater
Washwater from vehicle/equipment cleaning activities may contain significant quantities of oil
and grease, suspended solids, heavy metals, and organics, as well as pollutants from detergents.
These pollutants can be toxic and harmful to living organisms, including fish. The ingestion of
the affected fish by people can also be harmful. Washwater from pressure washing and steam
cleaning are likely to have more pollutants than cold, low-pressure water.This document
recommends limiting those cleaning methods to frequent users with appropriate controls.Pay
special attention to your operation to see if these are listed as"don'ts"of discharge control.
Oil and grease contain hydrocarbon compounds, some of which can injure or kill aquatic life
even at low concentrations. Oil and grease can also coat fish gills and prevent oxygen from
entering water, starving fish and other aquatic life.
Some detergents may contain metals such as arsenic. Low concentrations of dissolved metals can
be toxic to living organisms.Detergents contain emulsifiers that break up oil particles.
Emulsifiers can also cause harm to aquatic life.Many detergents also contain nutrients such as
phosphorous and nitrogen.High nutrient levels in streams and lakes can harm water quality by
stimulating excess weed and algae growth.This overgrowth causes unpleasant odors and sights,
and depletes oxygen levels necessary to support fish life.
What operations does this document cover
The operations listed below are just a few that discharge washwater and have the opportunity to
take actions that could prevent pollution in Washington State waters. The manual includes a list
of Best Management Practice recommendations for each operation in this document.
BMPs discussed in Section 2 include:
• Businesses that regularly wash vehicle/equipment exterior surfaces.
Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges
1
BMPs discussed in Section 3 include:
• At-site rinsing of farm and construction vehicle/equipment
• Mobile washers
• Washing vehicle exteriors at new and used car/truck dealerships
• Small dischargers (1 or 2 pieces of equipment and or vehicles per day and not to exceed 8
per week)
• Charity car washes
What operations does this document not cover
The washwater generated from the washing of tank truck interiors is not included in this
guidance document. Operators must collect,treat, and dispose of washwater generated from
cleaning of tank truck interiors in accordance with a treatment and disposal system approved by
the Washington State Department of Ecology or a municipality with delegated pretreatment
authority. The required treatment will vary with the cargo hauled by the tanker truck. In short,
discharge of these washwaters to surface waters,municipal wastewater systems, or to the ground
requires a permit or a discharge authorization.
Engine cleaning and the cleaning operations that use acids, caustics, or other metal brighteners
should follow the BMPs for discharges to municipal wastewater systems or use closed-loop
water recycling systems.
The BMPs in this document may not be adequate to protect ground-water resources in sensitive
areas, such as:
• Sole source aquifer
• Wellhead protection areas
• Other designated groundwater protection areas.
Washwater discharge options
There are three options available for the disposal of vehicle washwater(one is not
recommended).
• Preferred option:Zero discharge, or closed-loop water recycling
• Second option: Discharge to a municipal wastewater system
• Third option(not recommended): Discharge to land or ground
Of these options, zero discharge, or the use of water recycling systems is the preferred option and
is strongly encouraged. The second most preferred option is to discharge to a municipal
wastewater system.
Due to the high degree of treatment and extensive(and costly) monitoring that are required for
discharges to a storm sewer, or the ground,Ecology does not recommend the third option.
Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges
2
Ecology must issue a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System(NPDES)Permit or a
State Waste Discharge Permit for such discharges. For more information, contact your closest
Ecology regional office. (See list at end of this document.)
Note that this update of the vehicle wash guidance does not include the discharge of washwater
to surface water bodies.Ecology does not consider discharge of washwater to surface water
bodies as a practice that uses all known,available, and reasonable methods of treatment
(AKART). Ecology guidance requires all Best Management Practices to use AKART.
Zero discharge or closed-loop water recycling systems
A closed-loop system uses recycled water and has zero discharge.However, closed-loop water
recycling systems may use chemicals to help remove solids from the waste. Systems that do use
chemicals generate chemical sludge. Operators of systems that generate chemical sludge must
safely handle and dispose of the sludge in a manner that will not cause pollution of the waters of
the state.In addition, the closed-loop recycling systems may have a reservoir to store the
recycled water for reuse. It may be necessary to discard the reservoir water periodically as oil,
grease, and other pollutants accumulate.Follow the steps below for safe handling and disposal of
the sludge and the contaminated reservoir water generated by these systems:
• The sludge generated in these systems seldom designates as a hazardous or dangerous
waste(per Chapter 173-303 WAC,Dangerous Waste Regulations), and it can usually be
disposed of in a solid waste landfill. To be sure, check with your local health department
and/or landfill operator. If still in doubt,test the sludge to determine if it designates as a
hazardous or dangerous waste.
• If the sludge designates as a hazardous or dangerous waste, it must be disposed of
through a permitted treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) facility.Also, requirements
for storage of dangerous wastes(Chapter 173-303 WAC), such as secondary
containment,would apply to a sludge that designates as a hazardous or dangerous waste.
• Discharge the decanted contaminated reservoir water to a municipal wastewater system
with the prior authorization from the local sewer authority.
Discharges to a municipal wastewater system
Discharges to a municipal wastewater system receive treatment by the municipal treatment
facility before final discharge to the environment(rivers, lakes, seawater, or the land).
Dischargers of vehicle washwater must obtain approval from the local sewer authority prior to
discharge to the municipal wastewater system. Many local sewer authorities have limits on
pollutant concentrations in the discharge that dischargers must meet. Local sewer limits are to:
• Protect water quality of the receiving water body
• Check decanted washwater quality,making sure that it is a treatable product
• Prevent operational problems at the sewage treatment plant and in the collection system
• Protect worker health and safety
This manual contains some recommendations for the collection and treatment of the washwater
prior to discharge to a municipal wastewater system(see Section 2).
Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges
3
Discharges to the ground (not recommended)
Treat discharges to the ground to prevent ground water pollution.You must permit these
discharges through a State Waste Discharge Permit.A grassy ground surface can provide
treatment for small and infrequent discharges as long as cold, low-pressure water is used and it
contains no soaps, emulsifiers, or detergents.No pressure washing or steam cleaning should be
discharged to the ground. Section 3 of this manual provides some do's and don'ts
recommendations for such dischargers.
Regardless of the number and type of vehicle washing activity, all discharges to ground water
must comply with state ground water standards(Chapter 173-200 WAC) and may require a State
Waste Discharge Permit. In some areas of the state, such as those over sole source aquifers,
regulations may not allow discharge to ground or may require further controls. In those sensitive
areas, closed-loop water recycling or other options would be necessary. For more information,
contact your nearest Ecology office or local government.
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Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges
4
Section 2
BMPs for collection, treatment, and disposal of
washwater
This section contains the mandatory and recommended BMPs for collection,treatment, and
disposal of washwater generated from large/commercial operations washing vehicle/equipment
exterior surfaces. The following provides BMPs for treatment and disposal options. These are the
BMPs for closed loop discharges and discharges to a municipal wastewater system.
When feasible,Ecology strongly recommends the use of closed-loop water recycling systems to
treat and reuse the washwater over discharges to the municipal wastewater systems or the
ground.
Where a municipal wastewater system is accessible, discharge the washwater to the municipal
system.Discharge to the municipal wastewater system requires the approval of the local sewer
authority.
Washwater discharges to the ground(not recommended) must be adequately treated so as not to
cause violation of state ground water standards (Chapter 173-200 WAC) and covered by a State
Waste Discharge Permit.
Washwater containment and collection
Conduct vehicle and/or equipment washing in one of the preferred designated areas described
below.
• At a commercial washing business in which the washing occurs in an enclosure that
drains to a municipal wastewater system, a treatment facility, or a dead end sump.
• In a building constructed specifically for washing of vehicles and equipment, plumbed to
drain to a municipal wastewater system, a treatment facility, or a dead end sump.
• In an outside location designated as a wash area,without walls and/or roof and meeting
the guidance for uncovered wash areas outlined below.
Uncovered wash areas containment and collection
The designated uncovered wash area should be:
• Constructed as a containment pad in paved areas to prevent the run-on of stormwater
from adjacent areas.
➢ Slope the spill containment area to collect washwater in a containment pad.
➢ Drain the wash area with perimeter drains,trench drains or catchment drains.
➢ Size the containment pad to extend out a minimum of four feet on all sides of the
vehicles and/or equipment being washed.
Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges
5
• Built to convey the washwater
➢ To a sump(like a grit separator) and then to a sanitary sewer(if allowed by the
local Sewer Authority) or
➢ Other appropriate wastewater treatment or recycle system.
An NPDES permit may be required for any washwater discharge to a storm drain
after treatment. Contact the Ecology regional office for NPDES Permit
requirements.
• Equipped with a positive control outlet valve.
➢ The positive control outlet valve is located prior to the connection to the sanitary
sewer. (not shown in Figure 1)
➢ The valve provides spill control by storing spills within live containment volume,
and oil/water separation. It allows the spill to be cleaned up prior to opening flow
to the sanitary sewer.
➢ Size the minimum live storage volume to contain the maximum expected daily
washwater flow plus sludge storage volume below the outlet pipe.
➢ Shut the outlet valve during the washing cycle to collect the washwater in the
sump.
➢ The valve should remain shut for at least two hours following the washing
operation to allow the oil and solids to separate before discharge to a sanitary
sewer
• Equipped with an inlet control valve in the discharge pipe, closed when washing is not
occurring.
➢ The inlet control valve is located immediately after the drain from the pad and
prior to the live containment and oil/water separation.
➢ This prevents the entry of uncontaminated stormwater into the pretreatment/
treatment system.
➢ The stormwater can then drain into the conveyance/discharge system outside of
the wash pad(essentially bypasses the washwater treatment/conveyance system).
➢ Clean the concrete pad thoroughly until there is no foam or visible sheen in the
washwater prior to closing the inlet valve and allowing uncontaminated
stormwater to overflow and drain off the pad. (See Figure 1)
• Post signs to inform people of the operation and purpose of the valves.
Also:
• Ecology recommends a portland cement concrete spill containment pad for steam
cleaning.
• The wash area should be well marked at gas stations, multifamily residences, and any
other business where nonemployees may wash vehicles. The posting will include a
statement forbidding the changing of oil in the wash area and the location of the nearest
oil recycling facility. See Figure 1 for an illustration of these requirements.
• You may manually operate the positive control outlet valve,but a pneumatic or electric
valve system is preferable.The valve may be on a timer circuit where it is opened upon
completion of a wash cycle. The timer would then close the valve after the sump or
separator is drained(Figure 1).
Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges
6
Treatment
To
System Sanitary
Inlet Sewer
Outlet
Valve Valve
Figure 1. Requirements for an Uncovered Wash Area
Discharges to a municipal wastewater system
Treatment System
Treat the washwater to meet the local sewer authority's discharge requirements. In general, local
sewer authorities have pollutant concentration limits for total suspended solids (TSS), oil and
grease(0&G), and metals.Use a gravity oil/water separator such as an American Petroleum
Institute (API) or baffle separator or Coalescing Plate Separator(CPS)prior to discharge to a
municipal wastewater system. The expected effluent TSS and Oil&Grease (0&G)
concentrations are less than 100 ppm and 50 ppm, respectively.However,the type and quantity
of the detergent used may reduce the efficiency of the gravity separation(e.g.API/baffle
separator) systems for total 0&G removal.
Figures 2 and 3 show examples of the API and CPS systems. The API separator has a grit/sludge
removal baffle allowing solids separation. A pretreatment unit for solids separation(e.g., a grit
trap) may have to precede the CPS system. The flow residence time through the API system
should not be less than 30 minutes at the highest expected discharge flow.Additional design
information for oil/water separators is available in BMP Ti 1.10 and T11.11 in Volume V of the
Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington(SWMMWW).
Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges
7
or
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Figure 3. A Coalescing Plate Separator
Another treatment option is a containment sump. Figure 4 is an illustration of a typical
containment sump.
Note the turn down elbow that provides a gravity separation prior to overflow. The outlet valve
should be a positive control valve between the containment sump and the municipal sewer.
Size the sump's minimum containment volume to accommodate the maximum expected daily
volume plus the sludge storage volume below the invert of the outlet pipe. II
Shut the outlet valve during the washing operation and the washwater will be stored in the
volume provided. The valve should remain shut at least two hours following the last washing
operation to allow oil and solids separation under a quiescent condition.After this quiescent
period, open the valve to allow discharge to the municipal sewer. Operate the containment sump
valve on a daily cycle. Larger containment volumes can store more than one-day's flow.
Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges
8 I.
•
Siphon
Vent
♦ Access
Inlet
Operating depth
utl
(max.wastewater Valve
storage volume)
L
To Municipal Sewer
Mln mum oil level 3' -111118111111111111111M111111116.111 ' i
from outlet 1 foot
Figure 4.A Typical Containment Sump
Operation:During the washing operation, close the outlet valve. Washwater is stored in
the sump. The valve should remain shut for a quiescent period of at least 2 hours after the
last washing operation. Discharge the washwater to the municipal sewer by opening the
outlet value after the quiescent period.
The sludge concentration generated in a containment sump can be quite variable. In an EPA
study,the median TSS concentration from the wand type car wash facilities was 659 ppm(the
range was from 106 to 2970 ppm). Based on this median TSS concentration and assuming a
sludge solids concentration of 5 percent,the sludge volume generated from 3,000 gallons of
washwater is approximately 40 gallons.
The same EPA study reported the median TSS concentrations from the roll-over and tunnel type
car washes as 158 and 101 ppm,respectively(the ranges were 30-576 ppm for roll-over type and
36-848 ppm for tunnel type). To prevent resuspension and discharge of the solids to the
municipal sewer,the sludge depth should remain a minimum of one foot below the outlet.In
addition,the floating oily layer should stay well above the outlet pipe to prevent its discharge to
the municipal sewer.
Maintenance
Inspect any grit traps daily and clean as needed, but not less than once per week. Operate and
maintain the gravity separation unit according to the manufacturer's recommended maintenance
procedures at the specified frequencies or as needed.
• Check oil accumulation in an API system at least once a week or more frequently as
needed. If oil accumulation exceeds three inches, clean the unit.
• Generally,the manufacturer recommends cleaning the horizontal coalescing plates in a
CPS system when the dirt and grit have reduced the gap between the plates by 40 percent.
Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges
9
These requirements may be different for each case and, ultimately,the owner/operator is
responsible for the proper and periodic maintenance and operation of the separator in use.
Inspect the containment sump(Figure 4)during each fill and discharge cycle and clean before
the accumulating sludge and oil layers have reached the limits shown in the figure.Keep a log of
all maintenance activities on-site and make it available to Ecology or the local sewer authority
when requested. The log should include the type of maintenance activity,name of person
responsible for the activity, and time and date of the activity.
Solids and other materials removed from the treatment system must be disposed at a location and
in a manner to not cause pollution of any waters of the state. If the wastes do not designate as a
hazardous or dangerous waste, disposal in a solid waste landfill with the approval of the
jurisdictional health authority, may be a practical option. Contact waste disposal companies for
help in cleaning and disposal of the separator's content.
Discharges to ground
Discharges to ground are allowed only when cold, low-pressure water is used and it contains no
soaps, emulsifiers, or detergents.Ecology may approve any other discharges to ground under a
State Waste Discharge Permit with an Engineering Report describing the proposed treatment for
the discharge. The treatment system must produce an effluent that will not cause a violation of
the Washington State Groundwater Quality Standards.
Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges
10
Section 3
On-site washing of farm and construction vehicles/
equipment
The following applies when performing rinsing to prevent tracking of dirt, sediment, and
floatable materials and to remove pesticide residuals from farm and construction
vehicle/equipment exterior surfaces.
Do
❖ Farm and construction vehicle/equipment should be field washed with cold, low-pressure
water over a grassy ground or dirt area where it can soak into the ground, evaporate,or
otherwise be kept out of surface waters or storm sewers.
❖ Rinse pesticide truck exteriors with water in the field to remove pesticide chemical
residues before bringing trucks to a central washing area.
• Where rinsing occurs on impervious surfaces, use a catch basin with a gravity separator
(e.g. an oil/water separator). Discharge from the gravity separator should be directed to a
sanitary sewer where available.If a sanitary sewer is not available,the discharge from the
gravity separator should go to a grassy ground surface or dirt area.
Don't
❖ Do not use soap, detergents, or cleaners.
❖ Do not discharge to a storm sewer or surface water.
❖ Do not pressure wash vehicles.
• Do not steam clean.
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Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges
11
Mobile washers
Do
• Washwater must be collected and discharged to a municipal wastewater system; or reused
in a closed-loop water recycling system; or collected and hauled to a treatment facility.
❖ Mobile washing operations must be performed on an impervious surface (i.e., concrete,
plastic, or other)to contain and collect the washwater. The impervious surface must
extend to a minimum of 4 feet on all sides of vehicle/equipment to trap overspray.
•3 Mobile washers must use a portable impervious surface material when washing on a
porous surface.Use a portable wash pit, vacuum recovery unit, or comparable device to
collect washwater for proper disposal.
• Where washing is over an impervious area draining to a storm sewer, place a temporary
plug in the storm drain and pump the accumulated water to the nearest wastewater system
or collect washwater and haul it to a treatment facility.
❖ Clean or rinse the wash area with water before a rain event. Collect and discharge the
washwater to the nearest wastewater system.
❖ Consult your local sewer utility about diverting washwater to the sanitary sewer through
collection and pumping.
Don't
❖ Do not discharge to the ground, storm sewers, or surface waters.
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Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges
12
Rinsing vehicle exteriors at new and used car/ truck
dealerships
The following recommendations are for rinsing vehicles with cold water. Cleaning operations
using soaps, detergents, or other cleaners should contain the washwater and discharge it to a
municipal wastewater system with approval from the local sewer authority or use closed-loop
water recycling systems(see Chapter 2).
Do
❖ Rinse vehicles in the parking stalls as long as only cold water is used.
❖ Direct the rinse water away from storm drains to a grassy swale or a landscaped area.
❖ If the site allows rinse water to run off to a storm drain,retrofit the drain with catch
basins to trap sediment and floating oils(see below).
Don't
❖ Do not use soap, detergents, or cleaners.
❖ Do not discharge to surface water or a storm sewer without a catch basin(see below) or
an equivalent treatment system.
❖ Do not steam or pressure clean engines.
❖ Do not steam clean
Catch basins for trapping sediment and oil
• Each catch basin serves a maximum of one acre of an impervious (pavement, cement,
etc.) surface area.
• The inlet must have a normally closed shut off valve when washing is occurring. This
prevents the discharge of rinsewater into the stormwater system.
• A typical catch basin's size is 2.5'x 2.5' by 48"deep.A grated cover on the basin must
trap large floating debris and the outlet pipe must contain an inverted elbow.
• A sediment sump must be 24"minimum below the outlet pipe invert.
• Clean catch basins by removing solids and oil when 30 percent full with solids, or at least
once a year. Clean catch basins during dry weather to prevent discharge of pollutants into
the storm sewer. Solids and oil must be disposed of in a dumpster with prior notification
of the local health department.
Small dischargers
Small dischargers are defined as those where washing is carried out infrequently:
• Involving 1 or 2 pieces of equipment and/or vehicles per day,not exceeding eight during
any week; and/or
• Discharging less than 100 gallons of washwater each day; and
Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges
13
• Washing of the vehicle/equipment is not the primary business activity of the discharges.
For example,mobile washers are not small dischargers. Follow recommendations in this
manual for"mobile washers."
Do
Discharge to a wastewater collection system when possible,with permission of the system
operator. If you are not sure the nearby drain is a sanitary sewer, contact your local sewer utility.
• If a wastewater collection system is not available, discharge to a landscaped, grassy
ground surface, or dirt area where the washwater can soak into the ground or evaporate.
• Keep a distance of at least 100 feet from a wellhead if letting washwater soak into the
ground.
• Only cold, low-pressure water may be used and it contains no soaps, emulsifiers, or
detergents.
4
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Don't
Do not discharge to surface water or a storm sewer.
❖ Do not clean engines or do any cleaning involving soaps, emulsifiers, detergents, strong
acids, caustics, or other metal brighteners.
❖ Do not pressure wash vehicles.
• Do not steam clean.
Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges
14
Charity car washes
Do
:• Discharge washwater only to a sanitary sewer.
• When washing is over an impervious area like pavement that drains to a storm sewer or
dry well, place a temporary plug in the storm drain and pump the accumulated water to
the nearest wastewater system. Talk to your local sewer utility about diverting washwater
to the sanitary sewer through collection and pumping.
•3 Minimize the amount of soaps and detergents used.
Don't
❖ Do not discharge to storm sewers, the ground, or surface waters.
❖ Do not clean engines or do any cleaning involving soaps, emulsifiers, detergents, strong
acids, caustics, or other metal brighteners.
❖ Do not pressure wash vehicles.
+ Do not steam clean.
Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges
15
This page purposely left blank
Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges
16
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Appendix
Applicable Washington State law and regulations
Chapter 90.48 RCW, Water Pollution Control, requires "...the use of all known available and
reasonable methods by industries and others to prevent and control the pollution of the waters of
the state of Washington."
Washington State Regulations promulgated by the Department of Ecology to fulfill the intent of
Chapter 90.48 RCW are:
Chapter 173-200 WAC, Water Quality Standards for Ground Waters of the State of Washington.
Chapter 173-201A WAC, Water Quality Standards for Surface Waters of the State of
Washington.
Chapter 173-216 WAC, State Waste Discharge Permit Program, applicable to discharge of waste
materials from industrial, commercial, and municipal operations into ground and surface waters
of state and into municipal wastewater systems.
Chapter 173-218 WAC,Underground Injection Control Program, prohibits discharge of
wastewater into wells.
Chapter 173-220 WAC,National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System(NPDES)Program,
applicable to the discharge of pollutants and other wastes and materials to the surface waters of
the state, operating under state law as a part of the NPDES created by section 402 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act(FWPCA).
Chapter 173-240 WAC, Submission of Plans and Reports for Construction of Wastewater
Facilities, requires that engineering reports and plans and specifications for the project shall be
submitted to and approved by the department(Ecology).
Contacts
If you have questions or want more information, please contact Dan Gariepy at Ecology
Headquarters office in Lacey at 360-407-6470 (voice), dan.gariepy@ecy.wa.gov (e-mail);
Persons with hearing loss can call 711 for Washington Relay Service. Persons with a speech
disability can call 877-833-6341.
Northwest Region 425-649-7000
Eastern Region 509-329-3400
Southwest Region 360-407-6300
Central Region 509-575-2490
Vehicle and Equipment Washwater Discharges
17
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